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Tuesday, August 25, 2020
A Theological Response to Natural Suffering :: Earthquake Religion Suffering God Papers
A Theological Response to Natural Suffering In his book, The Sacred Canopy, Peter Berger states that ''Religion has had a key influence in the human undertaking of world structure,'' and '' suggests the farthest reach of his ( man's) mixture of reality with his own importance.'' (Berger, 1967, 27) Thus, religious philosophy, another term for religion, is the establishment of human feeling of the significance of life and firmly identified with our day by day life. The 921 seismic tremor occured on September 21, 1999 that caused the most genuine harm in Taiwan since 1935. Other than the 921 tremor, there have been numerous different seismic tremors and tropical storms in Taiwan that have caused a lot of loss of lives and properties. How do these individuals sense the significance of the enduring in their lives? How does religious philosophy offer them the fitting responses to assist them with dealing with their anguish? These issues are the service of philosophy. The motivation behind this undertaking is to analyze common enduring the comprehension of the seismic tremor and the different points of view of the torment and its relationship with the Ultimate Reality, God. The objective is to distinguish a fitting clarification of regular torment and to assist those enduring with healing, experience individual change, and start new lives. The September 21, 1999 Earthquake Fundamental realities about the 921 tremor At 1:47 on the morning of September 21,1999, Dr. Tsai, the leader of Puli Christian emergency clinic, drove out and about back to Puli. Twenty seconds after he passed a passage, he felt the vibration of the roadway. At the point when he turned his head, he found the passage he had quite recently passed had breakdown, and the split of the street before nearly made him free control of his vehicle. It was a solid seismic tremor that hammered the focal zone of Taiwan. The seismic tremor was estimated 7.3 on the Richter scale. During the tremor, the individuals of the whole island felt the shaking of earth underneath them and the structure for a couple of moments. In Nanto, the territory of the focal point, practically the entirety of the structures crumbled. In Taichung, a nearby city, numerous structures crumbled or bowed. For the remainder of the night, all the individuals in Taiwan were in the dread from various delayed repercussions. As per one resident's portrayal, despite the fact that the structure she lived in was not harmed, her family rested in their vehicle the entire night for dread that their home would crumple in the following delayed repercussion.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Frankenstein free essay sample
In Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, Frankensteins beast is dependent upon cold-bloodedness as dismissal by his maker and by society simply because he is not normal for other people. This pitilessness that the beast is exposed to has two principle capacities. Right off the bat, they go about as apparatuses for him to understand that he is not normal for other people and instructs him to be subtle and live in the shadows and also, these demonstrations of savagery that the beast is exposed to fill in as inspiration for the coldblooded demonstrations that he subjects Victor Frankenstein and his family to. The dismissal of Frankensteins beast by society uncovers that society rejects any individual who is unique in relation to it.Frankensteins animal is viewed as a keen and passionate animal that transformed into a beast in view of the cold-bloodedness it has been exposed to as dismissal by his maker and society. At the point when Victor gives his animal life and accordingly accomplishes his long lasting objective of giving life, he escapes the scene in the wake of taking a gander at his creation as opposed to praising it. We will compose a custom paper test on Frankenstein or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This response of his is provoked by his animals unpleasant looks. It has frequently been gathered that the animal that Frankenstein makes transforms into a beast due to it being exposed to cold-bloodedness. As expressed in The Monsters Human Nature by the prestigious scientist and scientist Stephen Jay Gould, Frankensteins animal turns into a beast since he is savagely caught by perhaps the most profound inclination of our organic legacy â⬠our abhorrence toward genuinely twisted people. Frankensteins animal describes that he visited various towns and from the outset, he would wander around without trying to hide yet as he discovered that individuals dismissed him and were shocked by him, he began moving in obscurity and around evening time when everybody was snoozing. The tipping point for the beast, nonetheless, was the point at which he was dismissed by one with whom he thought he had framed a bond with. At a certain point in the novel, Frankensteins beast stows away in a shack close to De Laceys family unit and when he at last goes up against one of the relatives, they yell out of dread and disturb. As indicated by Diane Long Hoeveler in Frankenstein, Feminism, and Literary Theory. , this is the moment that the beast understands his otherness that is established in its physical appearance and size, is one more indication of inability, a lasting state of being that he can never modify. (P.60) This is the point in the novel at which the beast chooses to be the inflictor of agony as opposed to being the beneficiary as he feels that his maker, Victor Frankenstein, is answerable for his agonies and that he is the person who should pay for his wrongdoing of making the monster.From this point onwards, Victor Frankenstein turns into the casualty of the demonstrations of pitilessness. From the start, the beast finds that Victor is at Ingolstadt and makes that his goal. Upon his appearance, he executes Victors more youthful sibling, William, and casings Victors sister, Justine, for Williams passing by planting a memento from Williams neck into Justines pocket. In the wake of doing this he faces Victor and requests that he make him a female animal such as himself just so he could have a friend which would free him of the sentiment of forlornness and lasting dismissal. Victor dismisses his manifestations solicitation, and this enrages the beast much all the more making him consider this a definitive type of cold-bloodedness. He vows to return on Victors wedding day. Before Victors wedding, his closest companion Henry Clerval additionally gets murdered by the beast and a brief time later, Victor gets hitched to Elizabeth and on their wedding night, the beast kills Elizabeth. It very well may be construed that the beasts last objective was to leave his maker, Victor Frankenstein in a similar forlorn state as himself. All in all, Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, is a story which has repeating demonstrations of mercilessness coordinated towards two fundamental people, Victor Frankenstein and his beast. The beast and his maker have both been culprits and survivors of the demonstrations of mercilessness that are in the book and this goes on to re-authorize the prevalent view of the commutative idea of activities. The two characters in the end lose all types of friendship and are left not altogether different from one another. This book traces the topic of society dismissing the individuals who are not normal for it
Sunday, August 2, 2020
Is Your Husband a Man-Child
Is Your Husband a Man-Child Relationships Spouses & Partners Print Is Your Husband a Man-Child? By Marni Feuerman Marni Feuerman is a psychotherapist in private practice who has been helping couples with marital issues for more than 27 years. Learn about our editorial policy Marni Feuerman Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Carly Snyder, MD on January 26, 2020 facebook twitter linkedin Carly Snyder, MD is a reproductive and perinatal psychiatrist who combines traditional psychiatry with integrative medicine-based treatments. Learn about our Medical Review Board Carly Snyder, MD on January 26, 2020 Willie B. Thomas / Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse Also known as a Peter Pan, a man-child is a man who refuses to grow up. You are probably wondering why he will not grow up and furthermore, how did you end up falling in love with this person. His emotional and mental capacity is that of a teenager. He is immature, irresponsible and unreliable. You are overworked, overly responsible, and overcompensating for his deficits. At first, you were drawn to him thinking he was fun, carefree, and laid back. As alluring as this was at first, you grew up, became an adult, and he did not. You now have to do everything possible to keep from strangling him. Common Man-Child Behaviors He has very poor insight. He actually believes he has no emotional baggage or family dysfunction. You are his longest relationship. Now you know why he has never had a long-term relationship prior to you.He thinks recreational drugs, particularly pot, are just fine to use. He doesnt give weight to the health effects, lazy mentality, or negative influence that his poor choices will have on your young children. He emails you studies that say pot smoking is not damaging and drinking alcohol can be healthy. He always seems checked out but calls it relaxed. Hes quick to point out how uptight you are, and that you should be using too.He is not employed in a career. He may go from job to job or try to avoid working at all. He always has, and possibly still does, survive off of the financial support of his enabling parents. If he is at work, hes the one passing the blame, complaining about all the rules, taking long smoke breaks or hiding out in the restroom playing with his phone.His main hobbies involve electronics. He may be addicted to video games and/or fantasy games which he plays for hours.?? He is allergic to exercise.He does not share the load at home.?? He doesnt do ANY cooking, cleaning, or laundry. If you ask him to help, he acts like it is a huge deal. You have to help dress him for any nice occasion because sneakers and T-shirts are 95% of his wardrobe.He cant express himself maturely. ??There is no manning up when necessary. No back and forth discussions that lead to problem-solving. He complains, whines and thinks everything is unfair. He is petty and keeps score. He may even throw all-out temper tantrums. You will always be the one to bring up important issues for discussion. He is great at pretending that nothing is wrong.All of his friends behave similarly. You may have met some in the past that seemed mature and responsible, but they no longer come around anymore. When you go out with other couples, you feel embarrassed over his behavior or lack o f accomplishments. You know the story: behind every Peter Pan is a Wendy.?? The man-child at first seemed like a challenge. Your maternal instincts kicked into overdrive. You were quick to take him under your wing and help guide him. You are now beyond frustration at the current state of your marriage. Your sexual desire for him is completely gone. What do you do now? Will this man ever grow up? What Should You Do? You must stop your own enabling and dysfunctional behavior to get out of this challenging dynamic. You have to realize that you are part of the reason that your spouse continues to act the way he does. Think back to your childhood. Were you made to grow up too fast or be overly responsible? Maybe you had to take care of an alcoholic or neglectful parent. Were you in charge of your younger siblings? You most likely got stuck in such a role, then brought your care-taking behavior into adulthood, including your current romantic relationships.?? Marriage to a Man-Child It is time to stop picking up the slack for this man. It will be critical for you to create healthy boundaries. Once you do, it is not guaranteed that he will finally grow up. If he doesnt, professional help is imperative. He must understand that the viability of the marriage is dependent upon you both changing the dynamic you two have created. If you are both willing to make the necessary modifications to allow him to grow up, only then may you find the happiness that has been eluding you. The 6 Best Online Marriage Counseling Programs
Saturday, May 23, 2020
Intelligence Between Intelligence And Culture - 1730 Words
There is a relationship between intelligence and culture because intelligence is culturally shaped and defined and some cultures support and identify it as very vital in the context of social and ecological aspects. In the early years, there was a bias towards intelligence tests because they used English language and culture. The formation of Wesler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Addition (WAIS,IV) in 2008 by David Wesler was meant to minimise the bias. According to Westen, Burton and Kowalski (2006), intelligence assists human beings to take control of their lives and it varies cross culturally because the power dynamics differ in each society and this leads to differences in behaviour and line of thinking. These authors describe intelligence as multifaceted, functional and can be defined by culture because it is universal and studying intelligence using different culture as a sample that can be used to question Western ideas about intelligence with some emphasis on the assessme nt of skills and abilities using culturally appropriate methods (Benson, 2003) The methods they were using to measure intelligence tests were a bit biased towards Western intelligence because Western culture value speed and other culture value perfection even if it means taking long to complete the tests. To address this anomaly, ââ¬Ëculture free test` was used to take away the things that affected performance due to cultural differences. They also used ââ¬Ëculture fair test` to measure common skillsShow MoreRelatedCultural Perceptions of Intelligence in Japanese and American Indian Societies1300 Words à |à 6 Pagesevaluating intelligence. The Stanford-Binet intelligence test is one of pioneering tests created to measure facets of intelligence, and it is still being utilized today (Anastasi Urbina, 1997). Weschler created several intelligence tests focusing on age range in relation to intelligence (Anastasi Urbina, 1997). While these tests are staples in the psychological testing community, there are many criticisms of intelligence testing. One such criticism is the absence of race and culture as influentialRead MoreEmotional Intelligence And Interpersonal Intelligence1478 Words à |à 6 Pagesregarding emotional intelligence. More specifically, the emotional intelligence faced between the employee and employer relationship. Emotional intelligence can be best defined as the ability to control and express one s emotions in a professional manner. In other words, emotional intelligence is the ability to communicate one s emotions in a manner that is both professional and productive. From this definition we can begin to make connections as to how emotional intelligence could cause problemsRead MoreCultural Intelligence Of The Semrush American And Russian Managers And Its Impact On The Cross Cultural Communication1552 Words à |à 7 Pagesreasons and explanations for the research on cultural intelligence of the SEMrush American and Russian managers and its impact on the cross-cultural communication within the company. The followin g literature review consists of three sections. The first section will focus on the concept of cultural intelligence, 4 factors model and training of cultural intelligence. The second section will cover the research of managerial cultural intelligence in different environment, especially in the IT industryRead MoreCultural Intelligence607 Words à |à 3 PagesWhat is cultural intelligence? ââ¬Å"Cultural intelligence is a theory within management and organizational psychology which states that understanding the impact of an individualââ¬â¢s cultural background on their behavior is essential for effective business, and measuring an individualââ¬â¢s ability to engage successfully in any environment or social setting.â⬠(Wikipedia) Oneââ¬â¢s cultural intelligence (or cultural quotient) includes three components that work together: cognitive, emotional, and physical. TheRead MoreUnderstanding The Complexity Of Measuring Intelligence And Definitions Of Intelligence Essay1288 Words à |à 6 PagesThe topic that will be discussed in this paper is Culture and Intelligence which were developed by Howard Gardner. In order to test or begin to understand the complexity of measuring intelligence and define it we have to research information on Gardnerââ¬â¢s Multiple Intelligence Theories. In the theories of Intelligence Gardner argued that to measure intelligence or get a clear understanding, it can be measured in seven areas. The areas are linguistic, logical mathematics, bodily kinesthetic, interpersonalRead MoreCultural Intelligence1554 Words à |à 7 PagesCultural Intelligence Cultural Quotient is the organizational psychology and management theory, and it is all about the continuous learning and aptitude to develop personally through this learning. The differences in the intercultural do remains in the momentous challenge stage in all multinational organizations. Hence to face the challenge there is a need of a new domain of astuteness which immense relevance to the era of escalating globalization and the workplace diverse. For every manager whoRead MoreAn Intelligence Officer For The Australian Army1261 Words à |à 6 PagesAs an Intelligence Officer for the Australian Army, the main role is to provide the intelligence support required by commanders and staff at all levels. The role requires the highest calibre of noetic suppleness and flexibility and the facility to operate at the tactical, operational and strategic levels and to integrate with joint, inter-agency, inter-governmental and multi-national agencies. This environment will additionally dema nd culturally astute and situationally vigilant officers, comfortableRead MoreWhat Is Cultural Intelligence (Cq)?. The Cultural Intelligence1494 Words à |à 6 PagesWhat is Cultural Intelligence (CQ)? The Cultural Intelligence Center defines CQ as a tool that ââ¬Å"measures your capability to relate and work effectively in culturally diverse situationsâ⬠(What is CQ Anyway?, 2017), noting that CQ is a form of intelligence that has been tested by academic researchers in over 98 countries for nearly two decades. Cultural Intelligence (CQ) is the ability to understand key cultural standards of a colleagueââ¬â¢s culture, to listen, discern, and modify someoneââ¬â¢s behaviorRead MoreLink Between Emotional Intelligence and Cross-Cultural Leadership1033 Words à |à 5 PagesReilly, A.H. and Karounos, T.J. (2009), ââ¬Å"Exploring the Link between Emotional Intelligence and Cross-Cultural Leadership Effectivenessâ⬠, Journal of International Business and Cultural Studies, Vol. 1, Feb. 2009, pp. 1 ââ¬â 13. Introduction Along with the globalization of business, many corporations are facing the challenge of operating in a different culture. The writers made a connection between emotional intelligence and cross-cultural leadership effectiveness to deal with this situation, thisRead MoreThe Understanding Of An Individual Culture Background1334 Words à |à 6 Pages We know that culture intelligence is related to cross-culture competence. The understanding of an individual culture background. My key objective is that people fail to adjust to understand new cultures, behavioral, cognitive, and motivational aspect of other cultures. Before anyone goes to a foreign country for a new job, living or visiting, we should educate ourselves before taking that journey. We know going to another country can be scary, but we can learn new things from them and they can learn
Monday, May 11, 2020
Bt0092 - Software Project Management - 5321 Words
Spring 2012 Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BScIT) ââ¬â Semester 1 BT0092 ââ¬â Software Project Management ââ¬â 4 Credits (Book ID:) Assignment Set ââ¬â 1 (60 Marks) Answer all questions 10 x 6 = 60 1. Explain the IT and its organizational structures in detail? Ans: Traditional organizations are hierarchical, flat or matrix in design. (Fig. 1.1) â⬠¢ In hierarchical organizations, middle managers tell subordinates what to do and tell superiors the outcomes. IS supports this hierarchy. â⬠¢ In flat structured organizations, work is more flexible and employee do whatever is needed. It allows offloading extra work and supports intra-firm communications. â⬠¢ In matrix organizations, work is organized into small work groups and integratedâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Act as the central point of contact on those projects. Involve or aware of virtually every issue or decision in project. Team Leader is responsible for all aspects of the project. Work with all other positions. â⬠¢ Product Management Work with clients to define requirements and resolve issues. Design and maintain functional specifications and other documentation. Often provide prototypes for user interfaces or design interface of services. Work with Team Leadership and Software Development. â⬠¢ Logistics Manage hardware/software requirements for development, testing, validation, and production environments. Perform or oversee installations. Own the installation process and any installation utilities. Work with resource teams to obtain servers/software and address issues within the environments. Work with Team Leader. â⬠¢ Software Development (Programming) Design and code the software to match the specifications, prototypes, and other documentation. Define timelines. Work with Product Management to refine expectations and clarify requirements. Often interact with Team Leader, Tester, User Documentation, and User Education. â⬠¢ Software Testing Define testing procedures and certification process. Define timelines. Create and execute tests on software. Manage a bug-tracking procedure. Work with Team Leadership. Collaborate with Product Management to define areas and specifics of testing. Often
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Employee Management Plan Free Essays
Running head: EMPLOYEE PORTFOLIO: MANAGEMENT PLAN Employee Portfolio: Management Plan MGT/311 Organizational Development University of Phoenix Riordan Manufacturing has implemented a management plan that will assess employeesââ¬â¢ characteristics. By assessing their characteristics, the organization will know how to use their characteristics to make the organization more successful. The company has asked three employees to complete self-assessments about job satisfaction. We will write a custom essay sample on Employee Management Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now The assessments will ultimately allow management to discover characteristics of the employees and determine how these characteristics will affect Riordan Manufacturing in the future. Self-assessments give an employee the opportunity to provide a narrative description of their major accomplishments, job satisfaction, emotional influence and how they make decisions related to their performance. In a self? assessment, the employee can describe their major contributions and how they accomplished or did not accomplish their performance expectations. After a thorough analysis of the self-assessments, additional recommendations will be presented to assist Riordan Manufacturing gain a better perspective on the management and motivation that these employees will need in order to succeed. The participants in the Riordan Manufacturing self-assessments were Catrina Toth, Kyle Rogers, and Paul Holliday. The following self-assessments were administered to the employees: How Satisfied Am I with My Job, Am I Engaged, How Are You Feeling Right Now, Whatââ¬â¢s My Affect Intensity, Whatââ¬â¢s My Emotional Intelligence Score, and Am I A Deliberate Decision Maker? Management will use these assessments to identify the areas in which they scored high and low and create a plan based on the areas that mostly need more engagement. Catrinaââ¬â¢s self-assessments indicate a job satisfaction rating at an average. She is satisfied with her job but not really engaged, is a deliberate decision maker, and exhibits positive emotions. Kyle has an above average rating in most areas; he is very satisfied with his job and is engaged in his work, exhibits an average score on deliberate decision-making and demonstrates positive emotions. Paul demonstrates a high score in job satisfaction, is a deliberate decision maker and also exhibits positive emotions on his self-assessments. The efficiency of the company is directly affected when employees are satisfied with their job and position held. An employee with a high level of job satisfaction feels more positive about his or her job and will continue to be a productive member of the company. Job Satisfaction Job satisfaction is the general attitude one holds about a job, which can dramatically affect the effectiveness and efficiency of the organizationâ⬠(Robbins Judge, 2011). Companies with satisfied employees tend to reduce the levels of absenteeism and turnover rate. Employees with low levels of job satisfaction experience negative attitudes about their jobs, tend to have a high absenteeism rates, leave the organization, or engage in deviant behaviors that negatively affect the organization and other employees. The self-assessment results reveal that employees at Riordan Manufacturing exhibit positive behaviors influencing other employees in the workplace. Employee Engagement The employeesââ¬â¢ engagement indicates their involvement and enthusiasm for their work (Robbins Judge, 2011). All three of the self-assessed employees are highly satisfied with their jobs, are committed to their responsibilities, and motivated. Dedicated employees commit more time to their work, are a positive influence on others, and perform at higher levels than expected. Self-Assessment Recommendations Management at Riordan Manufacturing recommends additional assessments to conclude what is their job satisfaction level. Understanding these factors would describe a positive feeling about a job. It is important to understand what provides positive feelings and low-level negative feelings. Also management recommends more job involvement because this would enhance the level of attitude toward the assigned tasks and duties. It is important to be involved because management can identify strengths and show that company cares about the kind of work employees do. The recommendation of additional assessments will provide both the employees and managers with additional information on each personality to implement better managerial techniques. Based on those results, managers will develop management plans to encourage and mentor employee success. References Robbins, S. P. , Judge, T. A. (2011). Organizational behavior (14th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. How to cite Employee Management Plan, Essay examples
Thursday, April 30, 2020
Savior In Gnosticism And Orthodoxy Essays - Gnosticism, Christology
Savior In Gnosticism And Orthodoxy I am attempting to write one coherent essay discussing questions three and two. I propose to first characterize the opposing views of the savior in Gnosticism and in Orthodoxy. Secondly, I will compare the Valentinian and classic Gnostics in how they differ and how the Gospel of Truth exemplifies the features of Valentinian Gnosticism. The Orthodox view the church as a necessary medium between the laity and god; they argued that without the church and the hierarchy of clergy, the congregation would not be able to attain god on their own. They saw the coming of god's kingdom as a literal event. They also saw it preposterous thought to separate the body from human life. That is, they saw Jesus as both flesh and spirit that were inseparable. The Orthodox considered the crucifixion of Jesus as a historical account. They viewed Jesus as a martyr that sacrificed his life so that we may live. It was believed that the martyrdom of Jesus allows for the forgiveness of sins and ensures resurrection and our life everlasting; this sacrifice allowed us to release our guilt and receive forgiveness for our sins. On the matter of what Jesus was, the Gnostics vehemently disagreed with the Orthodox Church. Gnostics believed that Jesus was more than a human martyr; Gnostics believed that the Holy Spirit (Christ) and Jesus of Nazareth were two separate entities. They felt that Jesus was a man of flesh who, at baptism, received the Holy Spirit and became Christ. They looked at it as though the spirit of Christ was occupying the body of Jesus until the crucifixion, where the spirit was transfigured and released so that we may attain salvation. Gnostics and the Orthodox Church also argued over the point of the suffering, or the passion of Jesus. Gnostics felt that Christ only appeared to suffer and die, it was the body that suffered and when Jesus passed, the spirit was transfigured and released. Gnostics and the Orthodox also disagreed on the point of the existence of God. The Gnostics rationalized that the god of the old testament-a god of creation and punishment was clearly a separate entity from the god of Jesus, who was a loving and forgiving god. How could such a loving god reach out to us with salvation and forgiveness be the same god who created pain, punishment and suffering. The Orthodox believed in "one god, the father almighty creator of heaven and earth." In fact this was the major claim of the creed that the orthodox Christians proclaimed as part of their faith. Another point of argument was how to attain salvation. Orthodox Christians felt it was necessary to proclaim, out loud, their belief in one god. This was the discerning factor that allowed them to separate themselves from the Gnostics-who were now considered heretics and a threat to the church. Gnostics believed that as long as one lived in faith and held good conduct throughout their entire life they would achieve salvation. Gnostics felt their approach was superior to that of the Orthodox Christians because even hypocrites could proclaim the creed, not believe in it and still reach life eternal and salvation. After Jesus died, both Orthodox Christians and Gnostics claimed to witness the resurrection of Christ. The orthodox claimed that they saw the physical reappearance of Jesus Christ and expressed the importance of this type of sighting as the truth. Gnostics had the belief that the relationship between salvation and themselves was on a more personal level. Gnostics insisted that it was merely an encounter between the witness and the spirit of Christ that had been transformed. This follows the Gnostics belief that religious enlightenment came from introspect and self-knowledge. Once one had achieved this gnosis they were considered to be of mature knowledge and a member of an elite group ready to receive the secret knowledge of the spirit. Gnostics believed that they belonged to the "true church" of an elect few who were worthy; the orthodox Christians would not be saved because they were blind to the truth. Ignatus took the idea of "the father, son and the Holy Spirit" to an extreme. He felt that this same hierarchy was represented on earth by the procession of bishop, priest and deacon. And only by worshiping the bishop as a stand-in for god would they be saved. The Orthodox Church was adamant about the importance of the clergy as the medium to god. The Valentinians were a branch of Gnosticism that often were not recognized as
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